IOC/GLOSS Technical Visit to the Brazilian Naval Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation

2-6 September, 2002

Mr. Patrick Caldwell
National Coastal Data Development Center
(NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC)

Final Trip Report, October 3, 2002


Index

1. Overview
2. Background Discussions
3. Data Processing Methodology and Software
4. Historical Sea Level Data for Brazil
5. Present Tide Gauge Network: State of Rio de Janeiro
6. Present Tide Gauge Networks in Brazil
7. Future Plans in Support of GLOSS and National Networks
8. Other International Data Collaborations
9. Final Words

Appendices

1. Contacts
2. JASL Brazil Holdings: August2002
3. PSMSL Brazil Holdings
4. IAGS-USCGS (NOAA/NOS) Historic Holdings for Brazil
5. Hourly Data Provided to JASL by BNDO
6. GLOSS Station Status as of 5 September, 2002
7. Action Items


1. Overview

Mr. Patrick Caldwell, data manager for the Joint Archive for Sea Level (JASL), a collaboration between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the University of Hawaii (UH) Sea Level Center (UHSLC), was selected by the GLOSS group of experts to make a technical visit to the Brazilian Directoria de Hidrografia e Navegacao (DHN) da Marinha (Directory of Hydrography and Navigation of the Navy). Janice Trotte, GOOS Coordinator for Brazil at DHN, set up the technical agenda and guided logistical arrangements. The primary two reasons for the visit were 1) to review historical DHN sea level holdings of GLOSS sites in Brazil with an aim of making available quality-controlled data for the international sea level centers and 2) to discuss steps for upgrading the Brazilian GLOSS network to allow a secured data flow to international permanent archives and initiate at least a few key stations for the GLOSS fast delivery system. The visit greatly uplifted DHN's motivation toward these purposes.



Photograph: Patrick Caldwell and Janice Trotte at the Navy Hotel at the end of the visit.


2. Background Discussions

The first morning of the visit was dedicated to sharing background information regarding past, present, and future operational activities of the UHSLC and DHN. The audience was entirely DHN staff (Appendix 1).

Mr. Caldwell began with a presentation of UH professor Dr. Klaus Wyrtki's motivation for measuring sea level and the resulting tide gauge networks which unfolded starting in the 1970s. Specifics on tide station site selection criteria and instrumentation were given. The discussion led into the present status of the UHSLC global network with a detailed review of the primary instrumentation, with emphasis on the acoustic sensor. One of the important points is that the data are acquired at the UHSLC in near-real time via the internet and the UHSLC has developed web browser tools for analysing the station health and the data quality as well as directly accessing the data. The future plans include a continuation of the fast delivery system for a time lag on the order of a month for public assess to preliminary data (GLOSS Fast Delivery ) and an even faster turnaround on the order of a few days for the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE).

Mrs. Trotte gave a presentation on DHN involvement with the IOC and other international programs such as PIRATA. Although the DHN has a long history of collaboration with IOC, DHN's national hydrographic and navigational priorities have overwhelmed the ability of satisfying the international expectations. In regards to sea level, the primary obstactles have been the lack of qualified personnel to process the data along with a high naval personnel turnover rate and a lack of funds for supporting station observers as well as toward upgrading obsolete equipment for which spare parts are not available. On a positive note, DHN support of PIRATA for other data streams (buoys, hydrographic stations) has been successful. The new Vice-Admiral of DHN, Admiral Neto, met with NOAA Admiral Lautenbacher in Paris in June 2002 with agreements to set up working groups in support of GOOS and GLOSS efforts.


Cp. Fernanda gave a talk on the organization of DHN and emphasized the creation in 1998 of the Centro for Hidrography de la Marinha (CHM), which includes the Brazilian National Data Bank and the Department for Navigational Safety. The latter has three main sections: Geodetic Surveys, Data Analysis, and Tides. The primary goal is to provide hydrographic services in support of navigation. The CHM has various software tools for digitizing and processing sea level data, as well as for making products such as harmonic constituents, tide tables, monthly mean sea level values, and long-term means for chart datum application. The CHM provides training courses to tide station observers and technicians. Most DHN stations are within military ports or national ports (the Brazilian Ports Authority), with whom DHN has very good working relations. A copy of her Power Point presentation was given on CDROM to Mr. Caldwell.

After the background talks, Mr. Caldwell was introduced to Vice-Admiral Neto who gave a kind welcome. He noted DHN intends to focus more attention on GLOSS.


3. Data Processing Methodology and Software

Mr. Caldwell presented the SLPR2 (JASL) software package to the CHM (Appendix 1) over a two day period (in portuguese). The CHM is well equiped with a fleet of IBM-PC compatible machines, some with internet. On the second day, Claudio Neves of Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Roberto Teixeira of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatisticas (IBGE) along with two students from UFRJ attended the demonstration. Hourly data from Forteleza IAGS historic data were used as an example. Time constraints did not allow "hands-on" training by the participants, yet all aspects of the package except the monthly calibration steps were slowly demonstrated. Examples of correcting timing shifts and erroneous peaks as well as interpolating short gaps with the predicted tide method were shown. Discussion of the filter to create daily and monthly values followed in addition to demonstrations of utilities to plot the filtered data, make differences among stations, and to plot the differences.

Cp. Fernanda gave a demonstration of the Franco software system, which directly accesses the Banco Nacional de Dados Oceanograficos (BNDO). Sophisticated tidal analysis and tidal statistics can be readily produced. It also provides quality control routines using residuals as a basis. The system is in unix, linux, and MS Windows. Future plans call for adoption of the Thompson filter.

SC. Neide Arauto detailed the use of MARESCAN, a software system for scanning analog rolls via a software system consulted out by DHN to the UFRJ. She reckons that efforts that used to take a day now only takes a few minutes. The software is easy to use with built in quality control checks. It was suggested that this type of scanning software be made available to the GLOSS community.

Action Item 1. At the next GLOSS Experts meeting, a review of available software packages for scanning analog charts should be made. The Brazilian MARESCAN could be made available for a wider audience.

In review of the existing software above, it appears the CHM has no shortage of good software and hardware tools for digitizing and processing data. CP. Fernanda noted she may switch to the SLPR2 (JASL) system instead of the Franco software, since the former appears easier to apply. Although CHM has very good tools at their disposal, the high turnover of personnel and slow learning curve for using this software has hindered rapid availability of incoming data.


4. Historical Sea Level Data for Brazil

Sea level data has systematcially been collecting in Brazil starting in the 1940s. First, a note is given regarding the holdings at the international sea level data centers and secondly, and more importantly, the status of historical records at DHN is described.

A summary of JASL holdings for Brazil as of August 29, 2002 is given in Appendix 2 and in Figure 1. Of significance is the recent recovery of hourly sea level data recorded during the 1950-60s by the Inter-American Geodetic Survey (IAGS) of the US Coastal and Geodetic Survey (USCGS) branch of the Dept. of Commerce, USA (Appendix 3). The NOAA National Ocean Service (NOS) provided paper tables of hourly data along with tide staff readings for six sites: Belem, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Canavieiras, and Rio de Janeiro. The data were digitized by the UHSLC and reviewed by the JASL during May-August 2002. Metadata are not complete at present; however, as much information about the historic series as available along with a copy of the data in hourly, daily, and monthly formats were provided to DHN, UFRJ, and IBGE on CDROM and to the Instituto Oceanografico de Universidade de Sao Paulo (IO-USP) by FTP. One of the important outcomes of the technical visit was learning of the availability of historical station information documentation and photographs maintained at the IBGE. Copies of Salvador were obtained with promise for the others to be mailed in the near future. This critical metadata will greatly enhance the value of the data. Action Item 2. Email to Roberto Teixeiro Luz of IBGE to remind him of the need for copies of the historical station descriptions of all IAGS sites. One interesting fact that was uncovered is that the IAGS site for Rio de Janeiro was located at Fortelaza de Santa Cruz on the Niteroi side at the mouth of Guanabara Bay. This location is subject to rough surf and strong currents relative to Ilha Fiscal.



Figure 1. JASL holdings status as of August 2002.

In addition to the historic IAGS data, CDROMs of the WOCE Version 3.0 Fast-Delivery Sea Level and Shipboard ADCP Data Assembly Centers were provided to DHN, IFRJ, and IBGE. The former contains the complete JASL archive as of August 1, 2002.

All data that enter the JASL are forwarded to the PSMSL, which is the primary international agency for mean sea level and has much longer time series of monthly means for most Brazilian sites, as shown in Appendix 4 and Figure 2. Most of the recently recovered IAGS hourly data are for the period 1955-1968 while PSMSL holds monthly means over the period 1949-1968. Also, the PSMSL has some Brazilian series for which hourly data have not been made available to the JASL. Of important notice is that two of the IAGS series (Salinopolis and Imbatuba) are missing from the recent data recovery by the JASL. Action Item 3. Contact NOAA/NOS to learn if hourly paper tables for Imbituba and Salinopolis could be located and to see if the missing years in the first batch (1949-1954) could be found. Imbituba is of special national interest because it is the basis for the national geodetic datum. As a followup (1 October 2002), it was discovered that the US National Archives may have the 1949-1954 data and the full series for the other two sites on microfiche. Mr. Steven Lyles of NOAA/NOS is investigating.



Figure 2. PSMSL Holdings.

The Banco Nacional dos Dados Oceangraficos (BNDO), based at DHN, is the Brazilian National Oceanographic Data Center. They maintain a computer-ready data archive and technical library as well as a huge warehouse of analog charts and paper documents. The primary source for sea level data at the BNDO is from the DHN and through DHN's collaboration with the Brazilian Ports Authorities. However, data from other sources have also been received.

There have been over 300 tide gauge sites in Brazil although a vast majority of those were for very short periods and many of those did not have tide staff readings or regular geodetic leveling. It was noted that over 60,000 analog charts (one day per chart) are backlogged for digitizing. For each site, a station description file is maintained with information on latitude and longitude, instrumentation, bench marks, and other pertinent notes. Tide staff readings generally are annotated directly onto the daily analog charts. Geodetic surveys of the tide staff to the bench marks are maintained in separate files.



Figure 3. GLOSS and GLOSS-affiliated sites in Brazil.

Inventories and status of BNDO holdings for GLOSS sites were presented by Cp. Maria Fernanda. GLOSS and GLOSS-affiliated sites are shown in Figure 3. Hourly data are maintained in files, with one file for each period related to the same datum. It is presently not clear how to tie the various segments together. A copy of hourly data holdings for GLOSS sites was made available on CDROM by Cmd. Briones for all GLOSS and GLOSS-affiliated sites, as summarized in Appendix 5. Station description files for some sites were provided. Action Item 4. Request a copy of BNDO station description files for Santana and Madeira.

A thorough review of the BNDO historic holdings will be made in the coming months at the JASL. At present it is safe to say that other than the IAGS historic series and the Cananeia station, which is maintained by IO-USP, the only GLOSS site with a fairly continuous long record is Ilha Fiscal in Rio de Janeiro. For this series, Dr. Claudio Neves of UFRJ reports that a thorough quality control and calibration was performed on the hourly data for all years by Geraldo Da Silva, DHN, in collaboration with UFRJ. BNDO has not acquired a copy of this series, mainly because of concerns for maintaining two versions of the same site. Action Item 5. Request a copy of the quality controlled hourly data for Ilha Fiscal from Geraldo Da Silva, DHN, Dept. de Ensino. A copy of a master's thesis, "Contributions to the Study of Mean Sea Level in the State of Rio de Janeiro" by Afonso Felipe Dias Kalil, was provided to Mr. Caldwell by Dr. Neves. The thesis cross-examined hourly sea level data from several sites in the state over a period of one year and found a high correlation in the high frequency signals.

As previously mentioned, DHN is actively scanning analog records. SC. Neide Arauto is the primary operator of the MARESCAN software. All historic records of Ilha Fiscal are being scanned. The plan is to do a detailed comparison between the records digitized by hand and those by MARESCAN. Upon acceptable faith in MARESCAN, continued historical data recovery will be undertaken.

DHN welcomed any outside help in digitizing the backlog of data. Mr. Caldwell noted that the UHSLC may have resources for at least some of the key series if supporting calibration information is also available. Action Item 6. Discuss with Dr. Mark Merrifield, Director of the UHSLC, about the possibility of digitizing historic analog rolls at the UHSLC for one or two key series.

Regarding oceanic islands of Brazil (Fernando de Noronha, St. Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade Island), bottom pressure sensors have been made through the 1990s into this decade. However, none of the data have geodetic links or atmospheric pressure sensors. Also, there is very high uncertainty of the data quality. None-the-less, Mr. Caldwell requested a copy for review, noting that the data would only be included in the archive for obviously clean segments. Due to the oceanographically important location of these islands, a small bit of data is better than none.


5. Present Tide Gauge Network: State of Rio de Janeiro

The state of Rio de Janeiro has various governmental, academic, military, and private interests that maintain sea level gauges. Dr. Claudio Neves explained that a collaborative workgroup was established among key participants of each agency to ensure quality data and open data exchange.

The DHN operates two gauges in Guanabara Bay: Ilha Fiscal and Ponta de Armacao, which is located on the dock at the DHN facility in Niteroi. Both have two gauges. The long-term gauge is the float/well arrangement with an analog recorder. In 2001, a second well was installed at both sites within which a DIGILEVEL gauge was deployed (Figure 4). The technology and access software was developed through a DHN contract with UFRJ. It resembles an electronic tide staff. It has sensors spaced 1 cm apart along a staff that is housed in the stilling well. Electronic readings are made at 15 minute intervals. The data are buffered into a data collection platform (DCP) in the tide station protective house. The DCP can be interrogated by telephone to directly download the data at the CHM. This operation is typically performed daily with the DCP buffer size well over a month. The DIGILEVEL software utilizes Excel spreadsheets for some of the data analyis and reduction tasks. Intensive comparisons with the analog series and cross-examination among the two tide stations are being made. In general, the high frequency signals (tides) agree very well among the stations and instrument channels.



Figure 4. DIGILEVEL Tide Gauge Developed by IFRJ

The IFRJ maintains a DIGILEVEL gauge to the west of Rio near Angra. It has only been in place a few years. In collaboration with a power company, the IBGE collects data from a DIGILEVEL based in Macae, which is north of Cabo Frio. This instrument has only been operating just over a year, but an analog gauge has been working since 1994. Both channels of data are processed at IBGE. The analog data are digitized using SURFER scanning software. Each maregram is digitized twice for quality control. Plans are to replace the SURFER scanning mechanism with a more sophisticated GIS type system in the near future. Both data streams receive final quality control with use of the SLPR2 (JASL) software. R. Teixeira received training in use of JASL software at the 1993 GLOSS workshop in Sao Paulo.

The data will be made available among collaborators, but Dr. Neves was reluctant to include the international community. He noted the data will be made available to the BNDO. Dr. Teixeiro of the IBGE noted that he has given a copy of some IBGE data to BNDO. He said is was OK to ask him directly for a copy. Action Item 7. Request to Dr. Teixeiro of the IBGE for a copy of finalized, calibrated the hourly Macae sea level data.


6. Present Tide Gauge Networks in Brazil

The DHN in collaboration with Brazilian Port Authorities continues as the primary responsible party for maintaining sea level measurements in Brazil. As previously mentioned, tight resources at DHN in terms of personnel and upkeep or upgrading of instrumentation has been very low. Various other academic, governmental, and private interests operate gauges in Brazil.

The IO-USP continues to maintain sites at Ubatuba and Cananeia. The former is a test site and has unresolved calibration errors. The latter is a GLOSS site and is of good quality. The instrument is a float/well analog gauge. The series began in the 1950s and has very few gaps. Some concern was raised about the location since it is an estuary and may periodically be influenced by fresh water runoff. However, the location clearly receives oceanic signals within the frequency bands from tides to long term sea level rise; thus, Cananeia is one of the finest available records in Brazil.

The IBGE is the national agency for geodetic datum control, primarily for terrestrial application. It maintains a CGPS network. The national datum is presently based on the historic IAGS monthly means sea level series of Imbituba. Since 1998, IBGE has maintained a float/well analog gauge at this site. In 2001, a DIGILEVEL gauge was installed from which near-real time data are available via a telephone modem. As mentioned, a similar arrangement exists in the state of Rio de Janeiro for Macae, north of Cabo Frio. The IBGE plans to install the same arrangement (float-well-analog and DIGILEVEL sensors) at three additional sites in 2003: Salvador, Forteleza, and Santana. A field trip to Salvador is planned for mid October 2002 to investigate the proposed gauge location.

In the late 1990s, the Dr. Marcio Vianna was active in setting up gauges and centralizing data. However, no communication has been made with DHN, IFRJ, IBGE, or the JASL for over two years. His status is unknown.

It is noted that throughout the country, there are private companies that maintain gauges for their engineering/port purposes. Pathways for access to these data are unclear.


7. Future Plans in Support of GLOSS and National Networks

A full day of the technical visit was dedicated to discussions of upgrading the GLOSS network in Brazil as well as coordinating a national network. Attendees of the round table discussion on September 5, 2002 from DHN included J.Trotte, Cm. Briones, and Cp. Fernanda; from IFRJ were C. Neves and D. Muehe; from the IBGE, R. Teixeira; and finally from the UHSLC, P.Caldwell (Appendix 1). A summary of GLOSS sites is given in Figure 5 (portuguese) and Appendix 6 (english). DHN regrets that other sea level experts in Brazil were not invited to the round table discussions due to financial constraints. However, one of the national action items of the session was to form a working group of all Brazilian sea level experts to improve the GOOS/GLOSS national program.

A review of the existing GLOSS site selection was the first order of business. It was noted that reassignment of GLOSS sites based on oceanographic and logistic circumstances be put before the GLOSS group of experts.

The oceanic islands are oceanographically critical for GLOSS, yet due to the harsh environment, conventional gauges can not be installed. Moreover, the cost for sophisticated systems for this type of location are prohibited given the present budget. These should continue as GLOSS sites, but external resources are required if high quality measurements are desired.



Figure 5. GLOSS Tide Gauge Station Status.

Of the continental sites, only Cananeia and Rio de Janeiro (Ilha Fiscal) are clearly operational and logically GLOSS. The remaining GLOSS network should heed consideration of revision. Action Item 8. A recommendation for the GLOSS group of experts to review the suggestions of the DHN/IFRJ/IGBE/UHSLC round table discussions of September 5, 2002 for revising the selection of GLOSS sites along the continent of Brazil. The suggested network would consist of Forteleza, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Cananeia, and Imbituba, with alternative (secondary) sites at Suape (near Recife), Barra do Riacho (between Salvador and Rio), and Rio Grande.

The suggestions for an improved Brazilian continental GLOSS network are based on the desired criteria as described for the UHSLC network: 1) avoid regions of rough surf or strong currents, 2) avoid fresh water runoff (rivers) 3) away for very active port operations that may damage the station, 4) adequately deep water, 5) solid foundation (wharf, peir, jetty, etc) for supporting the station, 6) insurance against vandalism (station observer or port authority cooperation), and 7) ease of access for the tide observer and station technicians. The other GLOSS consideration is the placement of a gauge at roughly 1,000 km intervals along the continent. Brazil has over 8,000 km of coast.

Starting in the north, both Santana and Porta de Madeira are historic tide gauge sites that have very little quality data and are located along very wide, strong rivers. The nearest site in the northern region which meets the basic criteria as described above is Fortaleza. This site also has the advantages that the IBGE maintains a VBLI and a CGPS gauge near the port. The IBGE plans to install a pair of gauges here in 2003. Historic IAGS data are available from 1949-1968 (monthly means, PSMSL) and 1955-1968 (hourly, JASL).

Natal has a small harbor and a history of vandalism problems at the tide station. Very little quality data are available. The IAGS site at Recife shows good data for this region, but Dr. Neves noted that there is evidence that the Recife area is settling. Salvador shows the most promise. The existing GLOSS site, Itaparica, is not working since DHN has moved the gauge to Salvador, which is just across the harbor. The IAGS series is of very good quality for this site. A wharf is available within the port with secured protection from vandalism by the Port Authority. The IBGE operates a CGPS station that has been leveled to the IAGS bench marks. However, due to the oceanographic importance of Natal, it could be kept as an alternative site.

The distance from Salvador to Rio (Ilha Fiscal, Figure 6) is over 1000 km. Thus, GLOSS may want to consider a site between these two ports. The suggested alternative site is Barra do Riacho, which has a good port and an existing gauge operated by a power company. It was a consensus that the power company would share the data to enhance public relations. Action Item 9. DHN (BNDO) should request a copy of the hourly data for Barra do Riacho from the power company. Mr. Caldwell should give DHN a reminder in 6 months.

To the south of Rio de Janeiro and Cananeia is the existing site of Rio Grande in the southernmost state of the country. The gauge is not well maintained and has poor data. The M2 tide signal is very weak in this area, with meteorological tides dominating the series. Thus, application of residuals for quality control nearly impossible. Imbituba is the closest site which meets the stated site criteria and is of very important national interest since it is the location of the national geodetic datum. The IBGE already has a pair of gauges operating in this port with a nearby CGPS station.

Finally, the discussion was made regarding a Fast GLOSS network. Dr. Mark Merrifield has offered to install a fast-delivery sea level station for a tropical, continental site that would enhance PIRATA and GLOSS. DHN has counter-offered logistical support for this station. The station configuration would consist of a pair of a tide staff, two Aquatrack acoustic sensors and wells, a Handar 555 data collection platform, UH reference level switches, solar panels, and satellite atenna. The round table work group suggested Salvador as the best choice in light of the previously mentioned criteria. There is good insurance against vandalism due to the excellent security of the Port Authority. Nautical high-resolution charts for the port were provided by DHN to Mr. Caldwell for examination by Dr. Merrifield and the UHSLC technicians. A meeting is scheduled on October 4, 2002 to discuss the issue among the UHSLC experts. Ideally, a second station of this arrangement could be made available in the not too distant future for Forteleza for monitoring signals propagating along the northern coast. Action Item 10. Discuss the selection of Salvador as the GLOSS site in Brazil for the new UHSLC Aquatrack fast-delivery sea level station.


8. Other International Data Collaborations

Mr. Caldwell toured the BNDO and divisions of meteorology and oceanography for navigational support. Comm. Jose Frota Miai, Head of BNDO, along with GIS expert, Mr. Emanual Cruz, kindly provided a thorough explanation of their activities. In addition, Capt. Frederico Saraiua, superintendant for Environmental Information, and Comm. Walter Santos, Head of the Environmental Data Division, detailed the efforts of their divisions. The network of hydrographic stations by DHN vessels was depicted in a poster. Mr. Caldwell asked if these data were unclassified, and if so, if the WDC-A (Sid Levitus) has received a copy. It was noted that BNDO maintains archives for all Brazilian institutions as well as DHN cruises and most data are unclassified, with the exception of a few naval cruises. However very little hydrographic profile data has been provided to WDC-A. Action Item 11. Inform Sid Levitus that BNDO likely holds valuable contributions for the WDC-A global profile database. Janice Trotte has offered her services to facilitate this endeavor.

The BNDO also depicted a poster with use of shipboard ADCP. It was pointed out that most of the data have not been reduced to absolute, calibrated currents. Action item 12. Offer BNDO a copy of the UH CODAS software for processing shipboard ADCP data and request a copy of non-classified data.


9. Final Words

Great thanks to J.Trotte for coordinating the visit and leading the round table discussions, to Vice-Admiral Neto for his kind hospitality and open dialog, to

Cm. Briones and Cp. Fernanda for their logistical support and detailed discussions, and to the visitors from IFRJ and IBGE for their collaboration. Thanks to all for patience with my portuguese with the spanish twist. Thanks to the National Coastal Data Development Center for allowing my time to participate in these very important international coastal issues. And finally, thanks to the IOC for the sponsorship of the technical visit. It is not easy to quantify the level of success of the mission, but certainly important topics were brought into the open and given notice by Brazilian hydrographic leaders, technical professionals, and oceanographic experts who support sea level monitoring, research, and application. A continued collaboration among all of the above will ensure an upgraded GLOSS network for Brazil into the future.



Figure 6. Maria Fernanda (CHM,DHN) at the Ilha Fiscal Tide Station


Appendix 1: Contacts

Brazilian Navy
  1. Director of Diretoria de Hidrografia e Navegacao (DHN)
    Vice-Admiral Julio Soares de Moura Neto     01@dhn.mar.mil.br     2613-8001
 
  1.GOOS Coordinator for Brazil
    Janice Romaguera Trotte    07coi@dhn.mar.mil.br    2613-8013

  1. Brazil Naval Hydrographic Center (CHM) of DHN

  2. Chief of Geodetic Survey Section
    Comm. Alexandre Borges Briones 31@chm.mar.mil.br 2613-8026
   
  2613.b. Chief of Tides Section
    Maria Fernanda de Lucena Resende 311@chm.mar.mil.br 2613-8238


List of CHM staff who received UH SLPR2 training

Antonio Menezes Candoso
Jose JunioDa Hora Machado
Ernani de Oliveria
Venceslau Iacillo de Albuquerque (Robusto)
Neide Aparecida Campos Arauto
Vinicius Tomaz de Almeida
Roberto Carlos Pereira de Souza

1. Banco Nacional de Dados Oceanographicos

Comm. Jose Frota Miai, Head of BNDO
Mr. Emanual Cruz, GIS expert, ADCP specialist

1. Environmental Information Division
Capt. Frederico Saraiua

1. Environmental Data Division
Comm. Walter Santos, Division Head,

1. Numerical Prediction
Antonio Fernando Garcex Faria gacez@smm.mil.br 2613-8278


Visitors to DHN for Brazilian SL Network and GLOSS Issues

Claudio Freitas Neves
Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Coastal/Ocean Engineering Dept. (COPPE)
neves@peno.coppe.ufrj.br
2562-8730

Dieter Muehe
UFRJ/Geografia
Coastal GOOS Representative for Brazil
dieter@ufrj.br
2714-2457

Roberto Teixeira Luz
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatisticas (IGBE)
Dept. Geodesia
roberto@ibge.gov.br,betoluz@hotmail.com
2514-4931

Visit to Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatisticas

Ricardo de Oliveira Ribas
Tide Gauge Equipment Team
Dept. of Geodesy
rcardoribas@ibge.gov.br
2514-4931
www.ibge.gov.br

Visit to Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro

Fabio Nascimento
fabion@pobox.com
2562-8815

Afonso de Moraes Paiva
PENO/COPPE/UFRJ
Physical Oceanography
Cidade Universitaria
Centro de Technologia -C203
mpaiva@peno.coppe.ufrj.br
2562-8729



Appendix 2. JASL Brazil Holdings: August2002

JASL
 TOGA
 GLOS
STATION
 COUNTRY
 LAT
 LONG
 QC-YEARS
 CI
201A
 Axxx
 199
 St. Peter&Paul R.
 Brazil
 00-55N
 029-21W
 1982-1985
99
202A
 Axxx
 197
 Natal-A
 Brazil
 05-45S
 0035-12W
 1982-1983
100
202B
 Axxx
 197
 Natal-B
 Brazil
 05-45S
 035-12W
 1983-1984
 99
202C 
 Axxx
197
 Natal-C
 Brazil
 05-45S
 035-12W
 1984-1985
 100
203A
 Axxx
 198
 Fer. de Nor.-A
 Brazil
 03-50S
 032-24W
 1982-1983
 100
203B
 Axxx
 198
 Fer. de Nor.-B
 Brazil
 03-50S
 032-24W
 1984-1985
 100
203C
 Axxx
198
 Fer. de Nor.-C
Brazil
 03-50S
 032-24W
 1985-1986
 100
203D
 Axxx
 xxx
 Fer. de Nor.-D
 Brazil
 03-49S
 032-23W
 11993-1995
 52
204A
 Axxx
 265
 Trindade
 Brazil
 220-30S
 029-19W
 1983-1983
 16
229A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Belem,USCGS
 Brazil
 01-27S
 048-30W
 1955-1968
 96
280A
 Axxx
 195
 Ilha Fiscal,Rio
 Brazil
 22-54S
 043-10W
 1963-1991
 91
281A
 Axxx
 194
 Cananeia
 Brazil
 25-01S
 047-56W
 1954-2000
 100
283A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Fortaleza-A,USCGS
 Brazil
 03-43S
 038-29W
 1955-1968
 95
283B
 Axxx
 xxx
 Fortaleza-B
 Brazil
 03-43S
 038-28W
 1995-1998
 100
284A
 Axxx
 xxx
 T677Termisa
 Brazil
 04-49S
 037-03W
 1993-1995
 97
707A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Canavieiras,USCGS
 Brazil
 15-40S
 038-58W
 1956-1961
 95
708A
 Axxx
 xxx
 SalvSalvador,CGador,CG
 Brazil
 12-58S
 038-31W
 1955-1964
 92
709A
 Axxx
 195
 Rio de Janeiro,CG
 Brazil
 22-56S
 043-08W
 1955-1968
 70
710A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Suape
 Brazil
 08-21S
 034-57W
 1982-1984
 98
711A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Luis Corriea
 Brazil
 02-52S
 041-40W
 1984-1985
 100
712A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Recife,USCGS
 Brazil
 08-03S
 034-52W
 1955-1968
 86
713A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Recife,INPH
 Brazil
 08-03S
 034-52W
 1946-1997
 73
726A
 Axxx
 xxx
 Atol de Rocas
 Brazil
 03-51N
 033-49W
 1999-1999
 15
CI : Completeness Index or percentage of days with available data
Note 713A, Recife is not in the publically open archive due to level uncertainties.

Appendix 3.

IAGS-USCGS (NOAA/NOS) Historic Holdings for Brazil

STATION
 COORDINATES
 Observed period
 At JASL
 At PSMSL
 Paper Hourly/CR
Belem
 00 26.9S 048 30.1W
 1949-1968
1949-1968
 1955-1968
Fortaleza
 03 42.6S 038 28.6W
 1949-1968
 1995-1998
 1948-1968
 1955-1968
Salinopolis
1952-1955
1949-1956
Canavieiras
 15 40 S 038 58 W
 1952-1961
1952-1963
 1956-11956-1961961
Recife
 08 03.4S 034 52.0W
 1949-1967
1948-1968
 1955-1967
Rio de Janeiro
 22 56.1S 043 08.3W
 1949-1967
 1963-1991
 1949-1968
 1955-1968
Salvador
 12 58 S 038 31.1W
 1949-1967
1949-1968
 1955-1964
Paper Hourly/Comparative Readings (CR) are from the US Coast and Geodetic Survey. The paper data were digitized, quality controlled, added to
the JASL in August 2002.


Appendix 4: PSMSL Holdings
(likely outdated by a year or so)
1572 R
 21
 1948 - 1968
 28 14 S
 48 39 W
 IMBITUBA
 BRAZIL
1573 R
 40
 1954 - 1993
 25 01 S
 47 56 W
 CANANEIA
 BRAZIL
1574
 47
 1944 - 1990
 23 57 S
 46 19 W
 SANTOS
 BRAZIL
1575 R
 23
 1954 - 1993
 23 30 S
 45 07 W
 UBATUBA
 BRAZIL
1576
 1
 1980 - 1980
 23 00 S
 44 02 W
 ILHA GUAIBA
 BRAZIL
1577 R
 20
 1949 - 1968
 22 56 S
 43 08 W
 RIO DE JANEIRO
 BRAZIL
1578
 28
 1963 - 1991
 22 54 S
 43 10 W
 IHLA FISCAL
 BRAZIL
1579
 2
 1974 - 1975
 20 30 S
 29 19 W
 ILHA DE TRINDADE
 BRAZIL
1580
 1
 1983 - 1983
 20 32 S
 29 19 W
 ILHA DE TRINDADE
 BRAZIL
1581 R
 12
 1952 - 1963
 15 40 S
 38 58 W
 CANAVIEIRAS
 BRAZIL
1582 R
 20
 1949 - 1968
 12 58 S
 38 31 W
 SALVADOR
 BRAZIL
1583 R
 21
 1948 - 1968
 08 03 S
 34 52 W
 RECIFE
 BRAZIL
1584
 2
 1982 - 1983
 05 45 S
 35 12 W
 NATAL A
 BRAZIL
1585
 2
 1983 - 1984
 05 45 S
 35 12 W
 NATAL B
 BRAZIL
1586
 2
 1984 - 1985
 05 45 S
 35 12 W
 NATAL C
 BRAZIL
1587
 1
 1972 - 1972
 03 52 S
 32 26 W
 FERNANDO DE NORONHA
 BRAZIL
1588
 2
 1982 - 1983
 03 50 S
 32 24 W
 FERNANDO DE NORONHA
 BRAZIL
1589
 2
 1984 - 1985
 03 50 S
 32 24 W
 FERNANDO DE NORONHA
 BRAZIL
1590
 2
 1992 - 1993
 03 50 S
 32 24 W
 FERNANDO DE NORONHA
 BRAZIL
1591
 4
 1982 - 1985
 00 55 N
 29 21 W
 ST PETER & ST PAUL R.
 BRAZIL
1592
 3
 1993 - 1995
 04 49 S
 37 03 W
 TERMISA
 BRAZIL
1593 R
 20
 1948 - 1968
 03 43 S
 38 29 W
 FORTALEZA
 BRAZIL
1594 R
 8
 1949 - 1956
 00 39 S
 47 23 W
 SALINOPOLIS
 BRAZIL
1595 R
 20
 1949 - 1968
 01 27 S
 48 30 W
 BELEM
 BRAZIL
1596 R
 1
 1984 - 1984
 00 03 S
 51 10 W
 SANTANA
 BRAZIL


Appendix 5. Hourly Data Provided to JASL by BNDO.

Each file contains hourly data for a given time segment. A station may have multiple segments if instrumentation, reference level, or other physical change occurred to the tide gauge station. The following information was pulled directly from the file headers.

SITE
 LAT
 LONG
 TZ
 START(ddmmyyyy)

 END(ddmmyyyy)
AREIA BRANCA(TERMISA)
 04495S
 037024W
 +030
 04031961
 04041961




06061972
 07071972
CANANEIA
 25010S
 047555W
 +030
 26021954
 31121993
PORTO DO RIO DE JANEIRO(I.FISCAL)
 22538S
 043110W
 +030
 02021963
 20041963




01051963
 31121963




14011964
 24041964




01061964
 31071964




01091964
 31051980




01011966
 24121970




09081980
 31101980




09081980
 31101980




01121980
 31121986




09111988
 12052002




16052002
 21052002




25052002
 28072002
CAIS DA PRATICAGEM DO RIO GRANDE
 32083S
 052062W
 +030
 27061981
 30071981




07081983
 31081983




17091983
 29021984




10031984
 31081984




01011985
 29011985




05021985
 20021985




01031985
 01071985




11091985
 30091985




12101985
 24101985




03111985
 24111985




01071987
 31101987




01121987
 04051988




11051988
 30061988




01091988
 21091988




28091988
 30111988




02011989
 28111989
CAIS DA PRATICAGEM DO RIO GRANDE
 32083S
 052062W
 +030
 27061981
 30071981
ILHA DE ITAPARICA
 12526S
 038413W
 +030
 06081974
 20091974
TERMINAL DA PONTA DA MADEIRA
 02339S
 044227W
 +030
 01011988
 09021988




21051988
 08061988




14061988
 31121988




18111989
 10121989




05011991
 26021991




01071991
 30061996




01051998
 29051998
FERNANDO DE NORONHA (ST.ANTONIO)
 03490S
 032241W
 +020
 26091986
 10111986




01091992
 04081993
FERNANDO DE NORONHA (BAIA DE SE)
 03523S
 032256W
 +020
 24121968
 10011969




13121970
 13011971




01061971
 02071971




01011972
 31121972




08061974
 29061974




05101978
 07121978




02021981
 15021981




01011985
 31011985
SAO PEDRO E SAO PAULO
 00552N
 029206W
 +020
 18011993
 22031994
PORTO DE SANTANA
 00034S
 051108W
 +030
 24061957
 14061958




05051970
 30061972




01011975
 31121976




01011984
 30061985




14021996
 06021997
SSN - SANTANA
 00037S
 051096W
 +040
 24051994
 28021995




01011999
 31012000




01012000
 31012000
ILHA DA TRINDADE
 20302S
 029187W
 +020
 01011970
 01021970




14071970
 14081970




01051973
 01061973




02111973
 02121973




01011974
 31121975




01101978
 12061979




01061980
 27071980




02041981
 31051982




19091982
 18101982




26101982
 30111982




02021983
 18081983




02021983
 18081983




27111983
 17051984




04071984
 31101985




19021986
 15051986




21051986
 01051989




07051989
 30091989




24041990
 26101990




01111990
 31121990


Appendix 6.

GLOSS Station Status as of 5 September, 2002
A. Continental



Site
 Location Type
 Sensor-type
 Sensor-status
 Geod.Lev?
Santana
 river influence
 float/analog
 not workingot working
 no
P.Madeira
 river influence
 float/analog
 not working
 no
Natal
 port
 float/analog
 not working
 yes
Itaparica
 port
 float/analog
 not working
 yes
Rio de Janeiro
 bay/port
 float+digilev.
 both good
 yes
Cananeia
 estuary
 float/well
 good
 yes
Rio Grande
 estuary
 float/well
 OK
 yes
B. Oceanic Islands



Site
 Location Type
 Sensor-type
 Sensor-status
 Geod.Lev?
SP&P Rocks
 oceanic
 pressure
 periodic
 no
Fern. Noronha
 oceanic
 pressure
 periodic
 no
Trindade
 oceanic
 pressure
 periodic
 no



Appendix 7. Action Items

2-6 September, 2002 IOC/GLOSS Technical Visit to DHN


Action Item 1. At the next GLOSS Experts meeting, a review of available software packages for scanning analog charts should be made. The Brazilian MARESCAN could be made available for a wider audience.

Action Item 2. Email to Roberto Teixeiro Luz of IBGE to remind him of the need for copies of the historical station descriptions of all IAGS sites.

Action Item 3. Contact NOAA/NOS to learn if hourly paper tables for Imbatuba and Salinopolis could be located and to see if the missing years in the first batch (1949-1954) could be found.

Action Item 4. Request a copy of BNDO station description files for Santana and Madeira.

Action Item 5. Request a copy of the quality controlled hourly data for Ilha Fiscal from Geraldo Nogueira Da Silva (Dept. De Ensino, DHN).

Action Item 6. Discuss with Dr. Mark Merrifield, Director of the UHSLC, about the possibility of digitizing historic analog rolls at the UHSLC for one or two key series.

Action Item 7. Request to Dr. Teixeiro of the IBGE for a copy of finalized, calibrated the hourly Macae sea level data.

Action Item 8. DHN (BNDO) should request a copy of the hourly data for Barra do Riacho from the power company. Mr. Caldwell should give DHN a reminder in 6 months.

Action Item 9. A recommendation for the GLOSS group of experts to review the suggestions of the DHN/IFRJ/IGBE/UHSLC round table discussions of September 5, 2002 for revising the selection of GLOSS sites along the continent of Brazil. The suggested network would consist of Forteleza, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Cananeia, and Imbituba, with alternative (secondary) sites at Suape (near Recife), Barra Racho (between Salvador and Rio), and Rio Grande.

Action Item 10. DHN (BNDO) should request a copy of the hourly data for Barra do Riacho from the power company. Mr. Caldwell should give DHN a reminder in 6 months.

Action Item 11. Discuss the selection of Salvador as the GLOSS site in Brazil for the new UHSLC Aquatrack fast-delivery sea level station.

Action Item 12. Inform Sid Levitus that BNDO likely holds valuable contributions for the WDC-A global profile database. Janice Trotte has offered her services to facilitate this endeavor.

Action item 13. Offer BNDO a copy of the UH CODAS software for processing shipboard ADCP data and request a copy of non-classified data.